tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70875062872432946452023-11-16T08:29:37.149-08:00Raj Rangabhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-16781236512942298302015-12-14T23:20:00.000-08:002015-12-15T01:02:42.041-08:00TAPI<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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तुर्कमेनिस्तान ने बीते रविवार को तुर्केमेनिस्तान से अफ़ग़ानिस्तान और पाकिस्तान होकर भारत तक जाने वाली ’तापी गैस पाईपलाईन’ का निर्माण-कार्य शुरू कर दिया। इसके अलावा तुर्कमेनिस्तान ने अपने सबसे बड़े ’गालकिनिश’ गैस भण्डार के विकास का तीसरा दौर भी शुरू कर दिया है। ’गालकिनिश’ गैस भण्डार से ही तुर्कमेनिस्तान तापी गैस पाईपलाईन को जोड़ेगा।</div>
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पूर्वी तुर्कमेनिस्तान के मारी नगर के क़रीब तापी गैस पाईपलाईन का शिलन्यास किया गया। इस शिलन्यास समारोह में तुर्कमेनिस्तान के राष्ट्रपति गुरबांगुली बेरदीमुहम्मेदफ़, अफ़ग़ानिस्तान के राष्ट्रपति मुहम्मद अशरफ़ गनी, पाकिस्तान के प्रधानमन्त्री नवाज़ शरीफ़ और भारत के उपराष्ट्रपति मौहम्मद हमीद अंसारी उपस्थित थे।</div>
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इस अवसर पर उपस्थित लोगों को सम्बोधित करते हुए तुर्कमेनिस्तान के राष्ट्रपति गुरबांगुली बेरदीमुहम्मेदफ़ ने कहा कि इस परियोजना पर अमल करने से न सिर्फ़ गैस के आपूर्तिकर्ता देश और गैस का पारगमन करने वाले देशों और गैस के उपभोक्ता देश को लाभ होगा, बल्कि इससे इस इलाके में अन्तरराष्ट्रीय सहयोग का विकास करने तथा इस इलाके में स्थिरता और शान्ति को मजबूत बनाने की भी सम्भावना मिलेगी। तुर्कमेनिस्तान के राष्ट्रपति ने बताया कि ’तापी’ गैस पाईपलाईन का निर्माण दिसम्बर 2019 तक पूरा कर लिया जाएगा।</div>
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तुर्कमेनिस्तान के सबसे बड़े गैस भण्डार ’गालकिनिश’ से शुरू होने वाली यह गैस पाईपलाईन 1814 किलोमीटर लम्बी होगी। यह पाईपलाईन अफ़ग़ानिस्तान के हेरात और कन्धार नगरों तथा पाकिस्तान के क्वेटा और मुल्तान नगरों से गुज़रकर भारतीय-पाक सीमा पर स्थित भारतीय शहर फ़ाज़िल्का तक जाएगी।<br />
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EXTRA:- <span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 15.456px;">"तापी पाइपलाइन परियोजना"</span><br />
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प्रश्न:- तापी पाइपलाइन परियोजना पर प्रकाश डालते हुए, भारतीय ऊर्जा सुरक्षा के सन्दर्भ के साथ-साथ दक्षिण-मध्य एशिया के एकीकरण और स्थायित्व में इस परियोजना के महत्व पर विचार प्रकट कीजियेI</div>
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०-० तापी पाइपलाइन परियोजना तुर्कमेनिस्तान, अफगानिस्तान, पाकिस्तान होकर गैस पाइपलाइन भारत तक आनी है</div>
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०-० तापी के जरिए तुर्कमेनिस्तान के गलकीनाइश क्षेत्र से गैस कांधार (अफगानिस्तान) व मुल्तान (पाकिस्तान) होते हुए फाजिल्का (भारत) पहुंचेगी। इसके माध्यम से सभी देशों बिजली संयत्रों को गैस की आपूर्ति होगीI</div>
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०-० लम्बाई:- 1800 किलोमीटर.<br />•०-० मार्ग : गलकी नाइश (तुर्कमेनिस्तान) कंधार (अफगानिस्तान) मुलतान (पाकिस्तान) और फाजिल्का (भारत)</div>
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• अनुमानित लागत : 7.6 अरब डॉलर<br />• शिलान्यास : 13 दिसम्बर 2015,<br />• आपूर्ति शुरू होगी : दिसम्बर 2019 तक</div>
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=>विस्तार से :-</div>
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- तुर्कमेनिस्तान-अफगानिस्तान-पाकिस्तान-भारत (तापी) गैस पाइपलाइन परियोजना पर 7.6 अरब डालर का खर्च आने का अनुमान है। इस पाइपलाइन के जरिए भारत में बिजली संयंत्रों को गैस की आपूर्ति की जाएगी।</div>
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- प्रस्तावित 1800 किलोमीटर लंबी तापी गैस पाइपलाइना दिसम्बर 2019 तक चालू हो जाएगी। (</div>
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- तापी परियोजना, मध्य एशिया को ऊर्जा की कमी से जूझ रहे दक्षिण एशिया से जोड़ने वाली इस तरह की और परियोजनाओं के लिए रास्ता खोलेगा।</div>
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- इस पाइपलाइन के जरिये पूर्व सोवियत संघ के इस राज्य से गैस की कमी वाले भारत, पाकिस्तान और अफगानिस्तान को गैस की आपूर्ति की जाएगी। इसके जरिये दैनिक नौ करोड घनमीटर गैस की आपूर्ति 30 साल तक की जायेगी।</div>
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- तापी गैस पाइपलाइन परियोजना से क्षेत्रीय सहयोग में बढ़ावा मिलेगा, देश निकट आयेगेI भारत-पाक रिश्ते को नया आयाम मिलेगाI</div>
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• एक और फायदा : पाइपलाइन के साथ-साथ चारों देश फाइबर आप्टिक केबल से जुड़ेंगे। तुर्कमेनिस्तान, अफगानिस्तान और पाकिस्तान विद्युत पारेषण लाइन से भी जुडेंगे</div>
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- इसके अलावा एक बिजली पारेषण लाइन भी तुर्कमेनिस्तान,अफगानिस्तान व पाकिस्तान को जोड़ेगी।</div>
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=>इसे भी जानिए :- "शांति का पाइपलाइन" IPI**<br />०-० इसके पहले ईरान से पाकिस्तान होते हुए भारत तक आने वाली गैस पाइपलाइन को काफी प्रोत्साहन दिया गया था। इसे दोनों देशों ने ‘शांति का पाइपलाइन’ नाम भी दिया था। बाद में अमेरिकी दबाव में भारत व पाकिस्तान ने इससे किनारा कर लिया था।</div>
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- इससे भारत को गैस मिलती जबकि पाकिस्तान को अहम विदेशी मुद्रा। इस वजह से कई लोग मानते हैं कि दोनों देश जब एक दूसरे की जरूरत पर निर्भर होंगे तो आपसी रिश्तो को ठेस पहुंचाने के लिए कोई कदम नहीं उठाया जा सकेगा।</div>
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- बहरहाल, यह सिद्धांत तापी परियोजना के लिए भी लागू होती है। हकीकत में इस परियोजना का एक बड़ा हिस्सा अफगानिस्तान और पाकिस्तान के मुल्तान जैसे आतंक प्रभावित इलाकों से गुजरेगा। </div>
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abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-19609899590303786012015-12-14T23:00:00.000-08:002015-12-14T23:00:35.067-08:00Adaptation projects key to fighting climate change<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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On a sunny day, Maavah, one of the islands of the Laamu Atoll in the Maldives, is a veritable paradise. Visitors are welcomed by white sandy beaches dotted with swaying palm trees and a modern harbor. The island's top-notch facilities include a high school and a medical clinic.</div>
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But for the people of the island, such as Yusuf Shiham and his son Mohammed, this picture-perfect scene so popular with tourists is far from the reality of their lives. They do not resent tourists, but they must contend with problems that holidaymakers almost never witness.</div>
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In recent years, inhabitants of the Maldives have been on the receiving end of nature's wrath more times than they would like to count.</div>
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The Shihams' home is flooded annually by storm surges and high tides. Seawater inundates their mango and coconut plantations time and again, hitting hard at their source of income.</div>
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With recurrent floods contaminating groundwater, and long dry spells creating drinking water shortages, the plight of these island communities could not be starker. The slightest fluctuation in ocean currents or an undersea earthquake thousands of kilometers away can cause tremendous damage in a matter of hours.</div>
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The science behind climate change might certainly be complex, but the impact it has on lives and livelihoods is straightforward.</div>
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<b>Adapting to climate change</b></div>
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Simply put, besides changing the way people act and think about the environment, the most pressing need for communities at risk is funding. Money that will help them adapt to climate change and protect their homes, jobs and lives.</div>
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In the Maldives, rising sea levels and storm surges have salinated freshwater tables on several islands. But now, adaptation projects across these islands are helping communities harvest rainwater to make up for the loss of those freshwater tables.</div>
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According to a United Nations Environment Programme Adaptation Gap Report, developing countries, particularly those categorized as small island developing states, or SIDs, like the Maldives and various landlocked and mountainous nations, face serious challenges in terms of mobilizing resources for adapting to climate change.</div>
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The SIDs, for instance, have relatively small settlements, where -- given concerns over economies of scale -- private for-profit investments can be difficult to attract. These countries can spare very little of their own public resources to cater to the adaptation needs of communities spread across far-flung islands.</div>
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But financing for adaptation while seemingly simple, is an issue of contention in the global climate-change talks now taking place in Paris.</div>
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Despite international pledges made during previous conferences to raise over $100 billion annually for such efforts by 2020, the funding provided for adaptation initiatives in 2012-13 was only about $25 billion, 88% of which was spent outside the developed world.</div>
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UNEP's Adaptation Gap Report estimates that by 2050, the annual cost of adaptation for developing countries will have risen to between $250 billion and $500 billion, even with the necessary cuts to greenhouse gas emissions.</div>
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<b>New approach</b></div>
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If the world is to help countries such as SIDs combat climate change, we need a more multidimensional approach to financing adaptation.</div>
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This includes the ability of a country to mobilize domestic resources and leverage affordable private finance, to deal with its debt levels, its vulnerability to economic shocks, as well as natural disasters.</div>
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This is where the private sector, philanthropists and individuals could play a vital role. Last year, Americans donated up to $258 billion, according to Giving USA, a philanthropic annual report that monitors charitable donations.</div>
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This is more than double what adaptation currently costs -- based on current projections of $100 billion annually. While it is true that needs are ever on the rise, fortunately, so too are contributions from individuals.</div>
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Indeed, the potential of crowd-funding platforms to finance adaptation projects that help communities build resilience to cope with climate change is immense.</div>
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In 2014, over $16 billion was raised through such platforms and that amount is likely to double this year, says Massolution, an online platform that tracks crowd-funding contributions annually.</div>
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Crowd-funding is particularly viable in the context of SIDs, where comparatively small investments -- say, of around $50,000 or so -- could help extend the reach of adaptation measures over entire communities and deliver big results.</div>
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In the case of the Maldives, any platform would have to be linked to the tourism industry, given that the country receives over a million visitors every year. Tourism accounts for nearly 30% of gross domestic product and over 60% of foreign exchange earnings for the Maldives.</div>
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The islands attract high-spending tourists. Hypothetically, if each tourist were to voluntarily contribute $20 that could add up to an annual collection of $20 million.</div>
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<b>Integrated programs</b></div>
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Working with the government, the U.N. is already piloting an innovative approach in the Maldives that seeks to make awareness and sensitivity about climate-change issues an integral part of development and planning at the local level, thus bringing about a change in the way communities think and act on climate change. The goal is to integrate climate change and adaptation into government development plans and programs, at all levels including at the grassroots.</div>
<div style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: georgia, 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
The first step under this program -- Low Carbon Emission and Climate Resilient Development (LECReD) -- involves promoting a low-carbon lifestyle while building communities that are resilient to the impact of climate change.</div>
<div style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: georgia, 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
The objective is that this will lead to short-term, medium-term and long-term development planning for the islands and atolls based on the evidence from a project underway at Laamu Atoll. The project puts decision-making and implementation of adaptation measures and projects into the hands of residents and their local councils.</div>
<div style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: georgia, 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
In addition, under this program, the U.N. will provide up to $50,000 to local councils, community-based organizations, and women's development committees. But clearly, that is not enough money to sustain projects on waste and water management, energy, floods, soil erosion and conservation for communities, for the long term.</div>
<div style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: georgia, 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
The LECReD program will help communities develop their own climate-sensitive plans for development, and explore the public and private finance options.</div>
<div style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: georgia, 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
While our efforts to build partnerships with the private sector and individuals are still works in progress, it is evident that the private sector, philanthropists, as well as individuals are vital to funding, and can help communities adapt to risks from climate change.</div>
</div>
abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-39764233412142821282015-12-14T22:48:00.002-08:002015-12-14T23:26:04.690-08:00Abe to Cash In on Modi Friendship as China Dominates Trade<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.124px;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo
Abe’s personal friendship with Indian counterpart Narendra Modi is starting to
yield more tangible results, with the nations close to signing deals on defense
equipment and India’s first high-speed rail link.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">On a three-day visit to the
world’s biggest democracy this weekend, Abe will seek to nail down some
concrete achievements to counter China’s increasing assertiveness in the
region. The nations have a long way to go: Trade between them is about 5
percent of China’s commerce with Japan, and less than a quarter of its
transactions with India.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">“The relationship between India
and Japan is perhaps the best it has ever been, largely because they have prime
ministers who look at the region and the world in very similar terms,"
said Harsh Pant, professor of international relations at King’s College London.
“They are very nationalistic, center-right prime ministers who have a certain
idea about the rise of China and about its implications for both these states."</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">The close personal ties between
the two leaders are helping bring the countries closer. Modi is one of a
handful of people whom Abe follows on Twitter, where the pair occasionally
exchange public messages. When Modi visited Japan last year, Abe took the unusual
step of showing him around the ancient capital of Kyoto. This week, after their
fifth formal summit, they are set to visit Varanasi for a Hindu ritual at the
Ganges river.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">Abe arrives on Friday for a
meeting with Indian External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj before addressing a
seminar at a five-star hotel in New Delhi, according to a<a href="http://www.mea.gov.in/media-advisory.htm?dtl/26147/Visit_of_Prime_Minister_of_Japan_to_India_December_1113_2015"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">schedule</span></a> from
the Indian government. On Saturday he meets with business leaders and India’s
president before he meets Modi for a summit and trip to Varanasi.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">‘Security Diamond’</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">The courtship is part of Japan’s
effort to broaden its network of informal allies to balance China’s activities
in the region -- a step toward Abe’s blueprint for a “<a href="http://www.project-syndicate.org/print/a-strategic-alliance-for-japan-and-india-by-shinzo-abe" title="Website"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">security diamond</span></a>" of regional democracies that
includes the U.S. and Australia. For its part, India has been more
assertive toward China in recent months, drawing up plans to<a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-25/india-spending-billions-to-populate-remote-area-claimed-by-china"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">develop a
disputed region</span></a> along their border and echoing language used by
the U.S. and Japan to criticize Chinese expansionism in the South China Sea.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">Japan and India’s foreign
ministers underscored their concern over China in a meeting with U.S. Secretary
of State John Kerry in September. The three countries <a href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000102078.pdf" title="Website"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">made a
statement</span></a> calling for freedom of navigation and overflight, as
well as unimpeded lawful commerce, including in the South China Sea. In
October, the nations held a naval drill in the Bay of Bengal.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Nuclear Program</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">While neither Japan nor India has
a claim in the dispute over the South China Sea, both see parallels with their
own situation. Coast guard ships from Japan and China regularly tail one
another around islets disputed between the two countries in the East China Sea,
while border tensions linger between India and China, which fought a four-week
war in 1962 over their Himalayan border.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">Abe’s enthusiasm for India dates
back almost a decade to when he was prime minister the first time around. Even
so, the two countries have yet to hold the kind of top level "two plus
two" meetings of defense and foreign ministers that Japan holds with the
U.S., Australia and several other countries. Sensitivities over India’s nuclear
weapons program have hampered attempts to cooperate on atomic energy, while a
proposed transfer of Japan’s <a href="http://www.shinmaywa.co.jp/aircraft/english/us2/"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">US-2 amphibian planes</span></a> has
made slow progress.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Rail Line</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">Other areas look more promising.
India appears set to agree this weekend to adopt Japanese technology for a
505-kilometer (314-mile) rail link between Mumbai and Ahmedabad following
discussions started by Abe and Modi’s <a href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/jfpu/2012/11/1120-01.html"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">predecessors
in 2012</span></a>. Japan is offering a loan to cover 81 percent of the 980
billion rupee ($14.7 billion) cost. A deal would help restore Japanese pride
after it lost out to China on a separate $5-billion rail deal in Indonesia, and
relieve pressure on Modi to accelerate the modernization of his country.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">“The Shinkansen is a symbol of
Japanese industry," said Koji Kobayashi, a senior economist at Mizuho
Research Institute Ltd. in Tokyo, referring to Japan’s bullet train. "If
it is adopted in India, it will be good public relations for the government and
will play well with the Japanese public. Particularly after the loss to China
in Indonesia, it would be a great souvenir to bring back."</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">Modi’s government has set up an
office to promote inward investment from Japan, and the two leaders vowed last
year to double direct investment in five years. Japan was the fourth biggest
investor in India between April 2000 and September 2015, with 7 percent of the
total, compared with 0.5 percent for China, according to India’s commerce ministry.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">‘Kindred Spirit’</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">India will also sign an agreement
on defense equipment cooperation with Japan this weekend, the Mainichi
newspaper said last month. The content will be based on Japan’s<a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/252506/TS.27.Cm8687.pdf" title="Website"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">existing agreements</span></a> with the U.K., France and Australia,
allowing it to export equipment and transfer technology for joint development
projects, potentially including the US-2 planes.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">Even as the India-Japan
relationship blossoms, Modi has taken care to maintain friendly ties with
President Xi Jinping while Abe has also worked to overcome tensions with China.
Still, Pant from King’s College London says, Modi is a leader who can help
justify Abe’s long-time optimism toward India.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">“He has found his kindred
spirit," Pant said of Abe. "If ever there was any hope of tackling
some of the difficult issues, this is it."</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 27.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17pt;">2. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.15pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 28pt;">Modi had to look for the spotlight during his US visit</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 28.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 20.95pt;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 15pt;">Indian Prime
Minister Narendra Modi's recent visit to the U.S. was his second since he took
office in May 2014. Since then, U.S.-India relations have rebounded from the
lows they wallowed in during the second term of the previous United Progressive
Alliance government, headed by Dr. Manmohan Singh.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 15pt;">
Barack Obama in January became the first U.S. President to
attend Republic Day celebrations in India; he is also the first U.S. President
to visit India twice during his presidency. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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During Obama's January trip, a U.S.-India Joint Strategic Vision for the
Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean Region was issued. In it, the two nations affirm
"the importance of safeguarding maritime security and ensuring freedom of
navigation and over flight throughout the region, especially in the South China
Sea." For India, this was indeed a break from the past; it had always been
wary of being seen as collaborating in any kind of venture that aims at overtly
challenging Beijing's growing aggressiveness.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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was in the U.S. last month, Chinese President Xi Jinping was also there for a
state visit. The attention showered on Xi showed both the U.S. government and
U.S. industry -- in spite of concerns over cybersecurity and China's growing
belligerence, especially in the South China Sea -- prefer to engage China
rather than confront it.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Xi made sure the U.S. business lobby was not disappointed: As he arrived,
China placed an order for 300 Boeing aircraft worth nearly $38 billion. Boeing,
meanwhile, decided to set up an aircraft assembly plant in China.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 15pt;">Major
agreements</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Modi left for the U.S., the Indian government cleared a deal for the purchase
of 22 Apache AH-64E attack helicopters and 15 Chinook CH-47F helicopters from
Boeing. The deal is worth nearly $3 billion. In addition, before Modi started
his U.S. trip, India and the U.S. held their first U.S.-India Strategic and
Commercial Dialogue, in Washington, D.C.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Defense cooperation between India and the U.S. is on the increase. India,
the U.S. and Japan later this year will take part in the Malabar exercises in
the Bay of Bengal. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Meanwhile, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff, Japanese Prime Minister
Shinzo Abe, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Modi met on the sidelines of
the 70th U.N. General Assembly. Leaders of these countries had not sat down
together since the 2005 World Summit. They did so to jointly push their cases
for permanent membership of an expanded U.N. Security Council. They released a
joint statement in which they "strongly emphasized that the process
underway in the U.N. to enlarge the Security Council should be conducted, given
its urgency, in a fixed time frame." </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Modi also visited the West Coast of the U.S. to court Silicon
Valley-based technology companies and invite them to invest in India. He
attended a Facebook Town Hall at the Internet giant's headquarters in Menlo
Park, in the state of California, along with Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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announced that it would help to wirelessly connect 500,000 Indian villages to
the Internet, while Qualcomm pledged $150 million for Indian startups. Google
had already announced it would help the Indian government provide 500 free
Wi-Fi hot spots at Indian railway stations. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 15pt;">What
next?</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Francis was also in the U.S. during Modi's visit. While he and Xi dominated
U.S. headlines, Modi, like he has during previous overseas trips, courted
the nonresident Indian crowd by giving a sold-out speech at the SAP Center
in San Jose, California.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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It is this influential constituency that Modi will have to deal
with the most in case of a change of government in the U.S.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Republican front-runner Donald Trump has already taken aim at the
H1B visa program, under which a lot of Indian tech professionals find
employment in the U.S. He has indicated his desire to either cap or roll back
the program, which is certainly not good news for India.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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On the other hand, were Democrat Hillary Clinton to become
President, she might be more friendly toward India, given her long-standing
ties with the Indian American community and also because of the India
connections of her husband, former U.S. President Bill Clinton. It was Bill
Clinton's landmark India trip in 2000 (two years after India conducted nuclear
tests) that led to a new era in Indian engagement, not only with the U.S. but
also with Japan and other nations.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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However, there are still areas where India and the U.S. are not on
the same page. For one, they differ on how to deal with Pakistan.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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There is no denying that U.S.-India relations have been on the
upswing since Modi took office, but India still has a lot of work to do if it
is to improve its business climate. The country ranks a dismal 142 (out of 189
countries) in the World Bank's latest "ease of doing business"
rankings.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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companies have surely taken note.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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Abe's Upcoming India Visit: Breaking New Ground in Japan-India Relations</h1>
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On Friday, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe will begin his three day visit to India, where he will meet his counterpart, Narendra Modi.</div>
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This will be the ninth time for Japan and India to hold annual summit-level talks at the prime ministerial level. Relations between the two countries began to pick up during Abe’s previous term, and he was the chief guest at India’s Republic Day celebrations in January 2014 during the tenure of former Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, a first for any Japanese premier. That is an indicator of the fact that closer ties with Japan enjoys bipartisan support in India.</div>
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During his visit, apart from the regular meetings he will hold, Abe is also expected to visit Varanasi, which is also the Lok Sabha constituency of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. A partnership city arrangement was signed between Varanasi and Kyoto during Modi’s visit to Japan last year.</div>
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What is the significance of Abe’s visit? There are five points to keep in mind that provide important context for both what is likely to occur during this visit as well as the backdrop against which it is occurring.</div>
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First, Abe’s visit will sustain the momentum already built up in bilateral ties. Japan was the first country Modi visited outside the Indian subcontinent after he took office in May last year. This return visit by Abe will be a boost in the other direction. During Modi’s Japan visit, the relations were upgraded to a “Special Strategic and Global Partnership.”</div>
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Second, economically, this visit by Abe is expected to see the finalization of the deal for Japan to supply its Shinkansen (bullet train) technology to India, beginning with the Mumbai-Ahmedabad bullet train corridor in western India.</div>
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Third, turning to the security realm, the trip comes against the backdrop of a Japan that is looking to enhance its contributions to regional and global security. In that vein, during Abe’s visit, a deal may also be reached for India to buy the Japanese-made US-2 maritime reconnaissance aircraft, marking a first for Japan, which has traditionally been reticent to supply Japanese-made military hardware to other countries. It is also likely that a technology-sharing agreement for this aircraft will be concluded.</div>
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Fourth, Abe’s India visit will also strengthen security ties at a time when broader convergences are occurring between India and Japan as well as other countries like the United States and Australia. After years of not being invited by New Delhi to participate in the India-U.S. Malabar naval exercises for fear of alienating Beijing, Japan was invited this year. The exercises were held in October in the Bay of Bengal. India, Japan, and the United States have also been holding a trilateral dialogue among themselves which started in December 2011. Although India is not an ally of the United States, during the visit of U.S. President Barack Obama to India as the chief guest during the Republic Day celebrations in January this year, the two countries issued a joint statement affirming “the importance of safeguarding maritime security and ensuring freedom of navigation and over flight throughout the region, especially in the South China Sea.” In the past, India has been wary of being drawn into the South China Sea dispute, but this statement marked a break from the past.</div>
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Fifth, India is one of four outside bases Japan has selected for its specialized intelligence gathering unit to collect information on terrorist activities (the other three are Jordan, Egypt, and Indonesia). Terrorism has been a growing concern for Tokyo. Although there have been no terrorist attacks on Japanese soil, its nationals Kenji Goto and Haruna Yukawa were beheaded by the Islamic State this year, while an attack on a natural gas facility in Algeria in January 2013 killed seven Japanese citizens. In March 2015, a terrorist attack on a museum in Tunisia led to three Japanese deaths. In addition to helping save Japanese lives at home and abroad, intelligence will boost Japanese security as it prepares for the G-7 Summit in May next year at Ise-Shima in Mie Prefecture and the Tokyo Olympics in 2020.</div>
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This is not to say that there aren’t challenges for Japan-India relations. For example, the two prime ministers will have to do some heavy lifting in order to boost trade levels. Even though a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) was signed between the two countries and implemented from August 2011, bilateral trade stood at just $16.31 billion during the fiscal year 2013-14, which represents just around 1 percent of Japan’s total foreign trade. In addition, it remains to be seen if a civilian nuclear deal between Japan and India can be finalized during this visit. There are still many details to be worked out and Abe is likely to face huge domestic opposition back home if he does sign a civilian nuclear pact with India.</div>
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Both Abe in Japan and Modi in India lead majority governments and hence are not prone to the pulls and pressures of coalition politics. All the more reason, then, for both of them to seize the initiative and take the bilateral relations to a new high.</div>
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abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-5400015311599761492015-12-14T22:46:00.001-08:002015-12-14T22:52:28.488-08:00India's huge stakes in Myanmar<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-style: italic; line-height: 19.2px;"><b style="background-color: white;">India stands to gain a lot from Myanmar walking away from China’s embrace and turning democratic. As the Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh is visiting Myanmar next month, there is a lot to reconsider in the two countries’ relationship.</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Very few observers in India and indeed across the world could have predicted the sudden change of course by the ruling military junta in Myanmar and its new-found love for democracy. Now, of course, it seems that democracy is on an irreversible course in Myanmar, particularly after the recent by-elections, which clearly brought out the overwhelming support for Aung San Suu Kyi and her party, the National League for Democracy (NLD).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">There has been a plethora of visits by important world leaders to Myanmar like the US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, the British Foreign Secretary William Hague and the Japanese Foreign Minister, Koichiro Genba. Following suit soon will be the Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, who the Indian media has reported will be visiting Myanmar next month and when that happens, it will not come a day too soon. It will also be the first Indian Prime Ministerial visit to Myanmar after a long gap of 25 years.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">India stands to gain a lot from Myanmar walking away from China’s embrace and turning democratic. During the US President Barack Obama’s visit to India in November 2010, he had chided the Indian establishment for “not doing enough” to promote democracy in Myanmar. However, India has had its own reasons for dealing with the military junta in Myanmar. India had initially strongly supported the pro-democracy movement in Myanmar after the annulment of the 1990 election results by the junta, but as Myanmar inched closer to China, India decided to change tack. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">It was the then Indian foreign minister Jaswant Singh's landmark visit to Myanmar in 2001 that helped to break the ice, though the then Indian Foreign Secretary J.N Dixit’s Yangon visit in March 1993 had helped to set the ball rolling. Jaswant Singh’s visit was the first to Myanmar by an Indian Foreign Minister in 20 years. Since then, there has been a steady stream of high-level visits from both sides, including the visit last year in October by the Myanmarese President U Thein Sein. As of 2010-11, the total bilateral trade stood at US$ 1067.05 million.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">So, why is Myanmar crucial for India?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Firstly, Myanmar is India’s land-bridge to the ASEAN region and is hence critical for the success of its “Look-East Policy” which aims at re-establishing close ties with the countries of Southeast and East Asia.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Secondly, Myanmar shares a long 1600-km land border with India’s Northeastern region, which has many active militant groups. Many of these groups in the past (and even now) have found shelter in Myanmar. Close ties will help India persuade Myanmar not to give shelter to anti-India elements.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Thirdly, Myanmar is rich in oil and natural gas-which India’s booming economy desperately needs. India has been scouting across the world for oil and gas resources and Myanmar is India’s immediate neighbour, which will enable India to cut down transportation costs and the risks involved. The Iran-Pakistan-India pipeline (IPI) has been a non-starter because of factors like American opposition to the same and the worrisome security situation in Pakistan. Already India’s state-owned ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited)-Videsh and GAIL(Gas Authority of India Limited) have made significant investments in the oil and gas sector in Myanmar.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Fourthly, it helps to reduce China’s growing strategic footprint in India’s neighbourhood. The Myanmarese junta had allegedly allowed China to set up a listening post at Coco Islands, abutting India’s Andaman and Nicobar chain of islands. Recently, India had to vote against Sri Lanka at a recent session of the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva on a resolution for 'promoting reconciliation and accountability' in Sri Lanka because of domestic political compulsions, whereas China, Pakistan and Bangladesh supported Sri Lanka.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Fifthly, Myanmar is crucial for India’s land connectivity with the rest of the Southeast Asian region. India has already built the India-Myanmar Friendship Road, between Tamu and Kalemayo in Myanmar and running onward to Kalewa, which will help India get land-connectivity to the other Southeast Asian countries.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Meanwhile, Myanmar also has a lot to gain from better and close ties with India.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">India, as the world’s biggest democracy can do a few things for Myanmar, which China cannot, despite its economic and strategic influence. India with its democratic credentials and close relations with the U.S. and other Western and Asian powers can help Myanmar get full international acceptability, while gently prodding it to keep up its tryst with democracy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">India is already involved in a host of infrastructure and energy projects in Myanmar. Besides, it has provided 32 Myanmarese cities with high speed data link while Indian firms are involved in the development of Myanmar’s railway network, including the supply of railway coaches and locos. India has set a target of June 2013 to complete the $120-million Sittwe deep water port in Myanmar. This will be a game-changer for India’s landlocked Northeast as once the project is completed, vessels would be able to ply between India’s landlocked Northeastern state of Mizoram and the Sittwe port.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">So, how can India help Myanmar as it takes baby-steps towards democracy?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Firstly, India should announce additional lines of credit to Myanmar, taking into consideration the areas that need immediate attention. During the Myanmarese President U Thein Sein’s state visit to India in October 2011, India announced the extension of an US$500 million Line of Credit to Myanmar. This is in addition to the Lines of Credit of close to US$ 300 million that had been extended by India to Myanmar in the past. In fact, Myanmar is as important for India’s national security as Afghanistan and just like India has given massive amounts of aid to Afghanistan; it should be prepared to do likewise in Myanmar.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Secondly, India should provide additional technical assistance and manpower, especially in the field of I-T, India’s key strength. Already, an India-Myanmar Centre for Enhancement of IT Skills (IMCEITS) is in operation in Myanmar.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Thirdly, India needs to help Myanmar get full international acceptability, especially now that India is a non-permanent member of the UNSC (United Nations Security Council)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Fourthly, India would do well to relax visa regimes for Myanmarese nationals (particularly those visiting India for religious purposes) and announce special scholarships for Myanmarese students to come and study at Indian institutions.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Fifthly, India could announce some unilateral concessions so that selected Myanmarese products can enter the Indian market. As the bigger partner, India has to be prepared to give Myanmar some unilateral concessions.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Sixthly, the Indian private sector should also be roped in on a bigger scale, especially in the infrastructure sector. The kind of averseness to risks that the Indian private sector has shown does not augur well for them and for a rising power like India.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The entry of the private sector will also help to speed up the implementation of certain key projects.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Lastly, India should take the initiative to start bus services between Myanmar and some cities in Northeast India, taking a cue from the Delhi-Lahore and Kolkata-Dhaka bus services, while strictly ensuring that illegal weapons and narcotics do not find their way to India.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">In some other areas, India will have to move cautiously. While India and Myanmar have agreed to cooperate in the implementation of the Tamanthi and Shwezaye power projects on the Chindwin river basin in Myanmar, it should learn from the Chinese mistake and avoid going ahead with the same. In September last year, the Myanmarese junta had suspended the construction of the Chinese-built $3.6billion Myitsone hydroelectricity project on the Irrawaddy river, which would have mostly supplied electricity to China. There was a massive public outcry against the project, which forced the Myanmarese government to retract and India would do well not to repeat the same mistake.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">India’s policy towards its neighbours has rarely been successful. Myanmar gives India a golden chance to start afresh and upend its neighbourhood policy. Myanmar will be a crucial test of India’s foreign policy, especially as it aspires for a seat in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and hence it calls for some out-of-the-box thinking.</span></div>
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2. India wades into the South China sea dispute</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white;">In a significant and deft move, India recently dispatched a naval contingent on a goodwill visit to Southeast Asia and East Asia. This contingent will make port calls in the Southeast Asian countries of Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and then move on to Japan and China. This move by India comes at a time when tensions have risen in the South China Sea, especially between countries like the Philippines and China. However, the inclusion of China in the itinerary shows the intention of India’s strategic planners to keep channels of communication open with China and not to send wrong signals to China, despite differences in many areas. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">In October 2011, India’s state-owned oil behemoth Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) signed an agreement with PetroVietnam to “jointly explore upstream and down-stream opportunities in India, Vietnam and other countries”. ONGC’s foreign arm, the ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) has already been involved in exploring energy resources in Vietnam. However, on this occasion many sections in China went hammer and tongs at India and the influential <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Global Times</em> newspaper in China in an article (published a few days after this agreement was signed) titled “India-Vietnam joint work must be halted” warned that “India is willing to fish in the troubled waters of the South China Sea so as to accumulate bargaining chips on other issues with China”. It went on to say, “China should denounce this agreement as illegal. Once India and Vietnam initiate their exploration, China can send non-military forces to disturb their work, and cause dispute or friction to halt the two countries' exploration.” India chose not to heed the “warning” and moved ahead with the exploration.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">India, of course, is at a disadvantage vis-à-vis China when it comes to naval strength in the South China Sea, but has been stitching up close naval ties with a series of countries in Southeast Asia and East Asia, all of whom would like to see the South China Sea continue to be an international waterway. India has been conducting the “Milan” multinational exercises since 1991 with Southeast Asian navies and including those from Australia and New Zealand. With Thailand, India has been conducting India - Thailand Coordinated Patrol (INDO-THAI CORPAT) to counter terrorism, piracy and arms smuggling since 2006. Meanwhile, India and Singapore have been conducting the annual naval SIMBEX (the Singapore-Indian Maritime Bilateral Exercises) since 1994. India will be holding its first-ever bilateral naval exercise with Japan later this year. Last year, Japan pulled out of the trilateral Malabar naval exercise alongside India and the US because of the Great East Japan earthquake. Prior to that in 2009, the three countries had held trilateral naval exercises. China had allegedly built a listening post in Myanmar’s Coco Islands, very close to India’s strategically important Andaman and Nicobar chain of islands. However, with Myanmar taking baby steps to democracy, China may no longer have such a leeway with the government in Naypyitaw.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">India does not have any territorial interests in the South China Sea, but it has huge economic interests. ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) has already pumped in around US$225 million into Vietnam. It is also important to note that India’s trade with Japan and South Korea has been growing and hence it is crucial that freedom of navigation is maintained in the South China Sea through which the trading routes between India and these East Asian countries pass. Meanwhile, India-ASEAN trade has reached US$ 57.89 billion in 2010-11. Any major conflict in the South China Sea region is bound to impact Indian economic interests. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">India is poised to play a greater role in the region, thanks to the growing strength of its Navy. It is expected to take delivery of the refitted aircraft carrier, the <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Admiral Gorshkov</em> by next year from Russia while work goes on apace on the indigenous Air Defence Ship (scheduled for completion by 2015.) Meanwhile, India has started the construction of its first indigenous nuclear submarine in 2009 and has plans to induct a third aircraft carrier by 2017. Last month, the Indian Navy inducted into service the nuclear-powered attack submarine <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">INS Chakra</em>, brought on a 10-year lease from Russia.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">However, India would be well-advised not to wade into the territorial disputes between China, the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Vietnam and Taiwan in the South China Sea region. At the same time, India has to be prepared to deal with a potential skirmish with China in the South China Sea region, taking a cue from what has happened between China and some other countries. What if a Chinese fishing trawler rams into Indian Navy vessels in the South China Sea? Such scenarios should be thought-out in advance to prevent knee-jerk reactions. At the same time it must be said that there is very less likelihood of any skirmish between India and China going out of control. There are enough avenues for cooperation between India and China in the maritime arena. Interestingly, in March this year, India and China agreed to undertake joint anti-piracy operations and share technological knowledge on seabed research. This in many ways shows the way out for China and India in managing their conflicting interests in the South China Sea region. China needs the Indian Navy’s commanding presence in the Indian Ocean region to keep its critical sea lanes of communication operational. At the same time, any conflict with India would also internationalise the South China Sea dispute, something which China desperately wants to avoid. This is something Indian strategic planners would do well to keep in mind. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">India's Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance in recent elections gained an unprecedented majority in parliament. The ruling alliance now commands a majority in the lower, more powerful house of parliament, the Lok Sabha, allowing it to make decisions without the pressures of coalition politics.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> The BJP won an absolute majority of 282 seats, and 336 of the 543 with alliance partners. In the past, governments have not been able to take firm stands on overseas issues because of pressure from coalition allies in regions near neighboring nations. That is not the case anymore.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> Smaller parties in Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, which are near Sri Lanka and Bangladesh respectively, have generally taken hard lines. Lawmakers in Tamil Nadu would like to see the Modi government take a strong stand against Sri Lanka on the issue of alleged human rights violations by government forces. West Bengal leaders have in the past scuttled India's proposed deals with Bangladesh on sharing the waters of the Teesta River. The government of new Prime Minister Narendra Modi, however, with its outright majority, has the political capital to say no.</span></div>
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<b style="background-color: white;">Close-to-home focus</b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Modi's foreign policy started on the right note when he invited the heads of state of all South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation nations and Mauritius to his inauguration. Pakistan's Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif came to the ceremony, ignoring the wishes of hard-liners at home. Just before the inauguration, Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa announced his country's decision to release all jailed Indian fishermen.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> India's new External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj's first overseas visit was to Bangladesh; Modi's was to Bhutan. This signals that the new government's priorities lie in India's neighborhood, which was not the case with the previous government.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> The Modi government's emphasis on the neighborhood can be seen in other steps taken. The foreign secretaries of India and Pakistan will meet on Aug. 25, in a fresh bid to kick-start stalled dialogue. In another major development, Indian journalist Ved Prakash Vaidik met up in Pakistan with Hafiz Saeed, the chief of Lashkar-e-Taiba who masterminded the November 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks. Vaidik is considered close to the yoga guru Baba Ramdev, who has connections with BJP top brass. The government, however, distanced itself from the meeting.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> Deeper economic integration is also being considered. The government is looking at the possibility of setting up a South Asian bank on the lines of the BRICS one announced recently. Modi also visited Nepal earlier this month. The last Indian prime ministerial visit to Nepal took place 17 years ago. Nepal has huge potential for hydropower, and India could be at the center of a grid connecting South Asian countries.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> Better Nepal ties can help India in other ways. Naxalism (left-wing extremism) is officially termed India's biggest internal security threat. Not much attention has been devoted to it by earlier governments. New National Security Adviser Ajit Doval, however, worked extensively on India's internal security threats and has spent time in neighboring countries. Support from nations such as Nepal, which also have Maoist groups, can help India meet the Naxal challenge.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> China's wooing of the Bhutanese and Nepalese governments has also set Indian alarm bells ringing. The new government thinks more needs to be done to improve India's ties with South Asian countries.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">3.</span><br />
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Obama's India visit: Turning the page</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The recent visit of U.S. President Barack Obama to India has opened a new chapter in bilateral ties between the two nations. This is the first time an American president has visited India twice during his presidency and also the first time a U.S. president has served as the chief guest at India's Republic Day celebrations.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> Obama's trip caps a successful turnaround in India-U.S. relations, especially after the row between them over the treatment of a female Indian diplomat in the U.S. and differences over a host of issues, including India's nuclear liability act. Things started to improve after the visit of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to the U.S. in September of last year. Obama's return courtesy call, just four months later, only goes to show both countries are determined to overcome mistrust. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> Obama also understands Modi has the capacity to take bold decisions because of the overwhelming majority that the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance commands in the Lok Sabha, the more powerful of India's two houses of Parliament. Modi's emphasis on strengthening ties with the U.S. can also be seen from the appointment of S. Jaishankar, India's former ambassador to Washington, as the new foreign secretary after incumbent Sujatha Singh was unceremoniously shunted out.</span></div>
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<b style="background-color: white;">Important takeaways</b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The most notable outcome of the Obama visit was that both countries succeeded in operationalizing the Indo-U.S. civilian nuclear deal, which had been stalled and was holding back progress in other areas. This breakthrough was achieved after the U.S. agreed to remove a contentious clause regarding the tracking of nuclear material supplied to India, and India signaled that it is prepared to move forward on the liability issue by offering to set up an insurance pool to bail out companies in the event of an accident.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> The U.S. president reiterated American support for India to become a permanent member of a reformed United Nations Security Council. It is also significant that Obama did not visit Pakistan on this trip, thereby completely delinking America's ties with Pakistan vis-a-vis India. Obama also affirmed U.S. support "towards India's phased entry into the Nuclear Suppliers Group, the Missile Technology Control Regime, the Wassenaar Arrangement and the Australia Group," thereby reinforcing faith in India's strong nonproliferation credentials. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> India's "look east policy" gels well with Washington's "rebalance" toward the Asia-Pacific. New Delhi has had concerns regarding Beijing's attempts to increase its maritime prowess in the Indian Ocean, particularly with initiatives like the "Maritime Silk Road." It is no surprise the Indo-U.S. Joint Strategic Vision for the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean Region, released during the Obama visit, affirms "the importance of safeguarding maritime security and ensuring freedom of navigation and overflight throughout the region, especially in the South China Sea." This, however, is not likely to go unnoticed in China and marks a change in the tone and tenor of India's approach to such issues. </span></div>
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<b style="background-color: white;">Boost to business</b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">During his visit, Obama committed $4 billion in the form of government-backed investments and loans to New Delhi. Total trade between the two countries stood at $63.7 billion in 2013 while the U.S. is the sixth-largest overseas investor in India. In the past, U.S. companies have had problems with the slow pace of decision-making in India. This seems set to change, especially after the launch of the "Make in India" initiative by the Modi government.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> In the field of defense, the two countries have agreed to pursue "coproduction and codevelopment of four pathfinder projects." American companies like Boeing are aggressively eyeing the Indian defense market, especially after the new government raised the cap on foreign investment in the defense sector to 49% from the earlier limit of 26%. India is also looking at more joint production of military hardware, which presents huge opportunities for American companies. The U.S. is now India's biggest weapons' supplier, though it was quite ironic that at the Republic Day parade, Obama was saluted by Russian-made tanks.</span></div>
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abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-26866656394813342162015-11-30T03:41:00.004-08:002015-11-30T03:41:52.913-08:00Govt puts final touches to strategic stake-sale policy framework<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px;">The government is putting final touches to a policy framework to sell or revive loss-making state-owned companies across sectors. A note is being circulated for inter-ministerial feedback and is likely to come for cabinet approval by end-December.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; height: 0px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; height: 0px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px;">The policy framework for strategic sale or revival of loss-making public sector undertakings (PSUs) includes the formation of a Disinvestment Commission, to be tasked with deciding whether a company can be revived with additional capital funding, whether its financial health could be improved by ceding part of the stake and control to private sector investors, or whether it needs to be divested forthwith.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px;">In the case of non-listed distressed PSUs, the Commission might decide on asset sale of factories, office space, warehouses, land parcels and other facilities of the company in question.</span><br />
<div itemscope="articleBody" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 12px !important; padding: 2px 0px !important;">
Earlier this year, Heavy Industries Minister Anant Geete had laid in Parliament a list of 65 loss-making state-run companies, including Air India, Fertilizer Corporation of India, Hindustan Shipyard, HMT, Mahanagar Telephone Nigam, Bharat Coking Coal, ITI and Scooters India, among others.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />"A draft note which lays down the process of selling distressed PSUs is being circulated. At the centre of such a process will be the Disinvestment Commission. Its aim will be to bypass the bureaucratic hurdles associated with such decisions and carry out strategic sales or revival in a time-bound manner," said a senior official.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />The Commission will be headed by the cabinet secretary and will consist of the secretaries of departments of disinvestment, public enterprises and economic affairs, alongside the secretaries of line ministries whose PSUs are up for deliberation. It is understood the first assets to go under the block would be hotels belonging to India Tourism Development Corporation.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Apart from deciding whether a financially distressed PSU needs to be sold or not, the commission is also likely to decide on the method of selling. "In case of listed companies, selling part or full stake might be carried out. It gets tougher for unlisted companies, wherein they need to be valued before being sold," said a second official.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />If the Commission decides an unlisted entity needs to be divested forthwith, monetising its various assets could be the preferable route, the person added. All the Disinvestment Commission's decisions might have to be cleared by the cabinet.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Business Standard had reported earlier the Centre was considering selling assets such as offices, manufacturing and warehousing facilities of unviable companies.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />The officials quoted above said, as a run-up to the proposed commission, Cabinet Secretary Pradeep Kumar Sinha has been holding meetings with various ministries and departments to discuss distressed PSUs coming under their domain.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />The latest such was earlier this month with officials from the fertiliser ministry, to discuss companies such as Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore, Brahmaputra Valley Fertilizer Corporation, Fertilizer Corporation of India, Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India, Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation, and other such companies.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />For 2015-16, the budgeted disinvestment target is Rs 69,500 crore, of which Rs 41,000 crore is expected from 5-15 per cent stake sales in profitable listed PSUs and Rs 28,500 crore from strategic stake sale of sick state-owned companies.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />So far, the disinvestment department has raked in nearly Rs 13,000 crore from stake sales in Indian Oil, Dredging Corporation of India, Power Finance Corporation and Rural Electrification Corporation.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />The Modi government is reviving strategic sales after the previous National Democratic Alliance government, led by Atal Behari Vajpayee, raised around Rs 6,000 crore by selling loss-making PSUs and exiting certain sectors and no strategic sales under the 10 years of the United Progressive Alliance government.</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: maroon;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">THE ROAD TO DISINVESTMENT</strong></span></span><br />
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Draft note on policy for strategic sale of distressed PSUs being circulated</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cabinet likely to approve the note by December end</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Disinvestment Commission to decide whether to sell or revive sick PSUs</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Assets of unlisted loss-making PSUs might go under the hammer</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Assets to include factories, warehouses, hotels, office buildings and land parcels</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cabinet secretary has been meeting various ministries regarding their companies</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;">FY16 disinvestment target Rs 69,500 cr - Rs 41,000 cr from stake sale in listed profitable PSUs and the remaining from strategic sales</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;">So far, only Rs 12,600 cr garnered from four stake sales through OFS route</li>
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abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-15966443687418488992015-11-30T03:38:00.002-08:002015-11-30T03:38:35.100-08:00Nitish Kumar's tricky balancing act<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">As Nitish Kumar begins his third innings as chief minister of Bihar, leading a coalition of his party, the Janata Dal-United (JD-U), with the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) and the Congress, he seems more cautious than joyous. The seasoned politician that he is, Kumar understands the challenges that lie ahead and is preparing to tackle them.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">Kumar's first task is to manage this coalition of not-exactly-like-minded parties. A pointer to what his approach would be in this department was on view during his first official engagement after being sworn-in as chief minister: a three-hour-long meeting with senior administrative and police officials whom he directed to not "compromise on the rule of law". He clearly instructed them that "criminals must be dealt with according to the law and irrespective of their standing and position".</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">Political observers say Kumar's orders were more than just a reply to barbs from rival parties of a "return to jungle </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;">raj</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">" in the state - they were also aimed at his own party MLAs as well as coalition partner, RJD, whose 15-year rule in the state is remembered for its poor management of law and order.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">The ruling coalition's leaders are unfazed. "Law and order is a matter of perception," claimed a JD-U spokesperson. "People don't read numbers; they feel them. Rarely will anyone in Bihar say the law and order situation has not been better during Kumar's reign. Our law and order machinery ensures peace for all and security for women. It remains our top priority."</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">"Kumar is trying to negate the fear of the urban middle class that a coalition with RJD chief Prasad means a return to old days," said a former JD-U MP on condition of anonymity. "He wants them to know that he is in command and would not allow miscreants to take control. He understands that every move of his government would be closely watched. He knows he is a passenger on a rocky boat. On one hand, he would have to keep the ambitions of Prasad's family and his party men in check; on the other hand, he would have to keep the bureaucracy under control."</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">Kumar's supporters are confident that he will not let the "</span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;">bahubalis</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">" roam free. "He is a born tactician," a senior bureaucrat, who did not wish to be named, said. "He has done it before; he can do it again. In 2005, the situation was worse, but he brought the </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;">bahubalis </i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">into the mainstream and got their ill-gotten wealth circulating in the economy." More recently, the bureaucrat recounts how Kumar handled the situation when a dozen newly-elected lawmakers forcefully occupied government bungalows and put their nameplates on the gates. "He left the job to the RJD chief and his son Tejaswi Yadav, the deputy chief minister."</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">Kumar's critics say he will find it difficult to maintain this system for long. "It's okay for the short term, but for the long term the coalition needs to have a strategy," a senior political analyst said. "Prasad's family has high ambitions. Eldest daughter Misa Bharti wants to enter politics. Then there is the matter of 'sibling rivalry' between Tejaswi and Tej Pratap (Prasad's eldest son, a minister in Kumar's cabinet). As soon as the honeymoon period is over, all of them will try to steer the government according to their own wishes."</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">Kumar will also have to curb rampant corruption in the bureaucracy, say his critics. While citizens say that standards of living have improved in the last 10 years, in the same vein they add that corruption has become more pronounced during Kumar's rule.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">The recent spike in cases of mob violence is another challenge for the chief minister. Last week, a case of hit-and-run in Lalganj area of Vaishali district acquired a communal tone. A station house officer was lynched by a mob and a 17-year-old boy was killed in the resulting police firing. The culprit in the hit-and-run case is allegedly a supporter of a local JD-U leader and the victims belong to the vote bank of the Bharatiya Janata Party.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">Earlier this month, parts of Patna witnessed violent protests and heavy police deployment after a student of a private school was allegedly raped by the son of the school's director. Calm was restored only after the city superintendent of police took charge of the case and the accused was arrested.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">Providing jobs is another challenge. "There is no doubt that Kumar rebuilt the state," a senior journalist who covers Bihar said. "But he failed to create as many jobs as the people needed. With 17.1 per cent of Bihar's youth without a job, the state has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country." To create more jobs, Kumar needs investment, which is scarcer in the current financial climate.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">This apart, the central government is tightening its purse strings. The finance ministry has recently cut the Centre's share in centrally-sponsored schemes such as Integrated Child Development Services and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. This means states would have to spend more on these schemes. Kumar's announcement about banning the sale of liquor - the state earns Rs 4,000 crore as revenue under the excise head - will further deprive the state exchequer from next year.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">Add to this, the state government's plan to launch an unemployment allowance from next year - one of the seven poll promises of the coalition - which will burden the state exchequer even more and result in a further cut in developmental expenditures.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">In the run-up to the Assembly polls, the coalition had promised 100 per cent electrification of rural areas by the end of next year. Given the high cost of power, few in the bureaucracy believe this would be possible.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; text-shadow: none;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;">Clearly, it's not going to be smooth sailing. As a senior JD-U leader put it: "When I look at the challenges ahead of us, it seems like winning the Assembly election was the easier part. The real battle will start now and continue for the next five years. This term would be the toughest test of Kumar's political and tactical acumen. For the sake of the state, I would like him to emerge victorious."</span></div>
abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-34187227163911102732015-11-30T03:18:00.000-08:002015-11-30T03:18:06.517-08:00Seventh Pay Commission doesn't do enough to tackle administrative incapacity<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">A quick reading of the Seventh </span><a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/Pay%20Commission" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #336797; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Pay Commission</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"> Report leaves me with some doubts. </span><a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/Finance%20minister" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #336797; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Finance minister</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"> </span><a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/Arun%20Jaitley" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #336797; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Arun Jaitley</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">, while introducing the Commission report to the media, said that the final decisions on the Sixth Pay Commission report took five and a half months and that he expects to do better. I am not so confident.</span><br />
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A feature of the Sixth Pay Commission report and its implementation was that there was minimum unrest amongst employees in the months following the submission of the report.</div>
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However, several adjustments had to be made to the recommendations of the report. As I recall, these included raising the fitment benefit from 1.74 to 1.86, introduction of a new HAG+ pay scale (HAG stands for higher administrative grade), fitting jawans' pensions at maximum of pay scale at the time of retirement and resolving the issue of fitment of Lieutenant Colonels, among others. Skillful negotiation would be needed in the months to come at all levels.</div>
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The initial reaction of major associations seems to be one of disappointment.</div>
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On the other hand, the need to contain the <a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/fiscal%20deficit" style="border: 0px; color: #336797; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">fiscal deficit</a> will act as a constraint. Already, there are statements to the effect that the initial increase may be confined to the salary component alone, keeping aside the allowances for later. Considering that the Sixth Central Pay Commission (CPC) and the Seventh CPC reports came at different points of time in the context of different situations in the <a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/economy" style="border: 0px; color: #336797; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">economy</a>, the problems of reconciliation can be more difficult. The Sixth CPC report was submitted in March 2008, when the revenue deficit was below 2%, <a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/GDP" style="border: 0px; color: #336797; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">GDP</a> growth rates had remained consistently high at about 8% for a few years and exports were clearly on the upswing. The 2008-09 economic slowdown further resulted in the fiscal deficit becoming less of a policy priority.</div>
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Improvement in public finances and, hopefully, recovery in investment and growth could give more room to government. At the end of the day, the burden on the government may be more than the amount projected. The Commission itself has suggested the formation of a Permanent Remuneration Commission as in some other countries. This could keep revenue expenditures in a constant state of flux over the years as there would be no finality to the settlement.</div>
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Another feature of the Seventh CPC report on which I would like to comment is that it displays sharp difference of opinion even internally within the Commission. This makes the task of the decision maker that much more difficult. These relate to controversial issues such as interservice pay parity, continuance or otherwise of non-functional grades, selection to senior management and administrative positions and some other issues. The suggestion to introduce a new selection mechanism for officers of the level of joint secretary and above could create serious issues as it would necessitate wholesale changes in the present structure of civil services board and appointments committee of cabinet and could result in massive delays in filling up posts. I do not foresee easy resolution of such issues.</div>
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<b>The other major point, which I would like to allude to, is the proposed performance-related incentive system.</b></div>
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The Commission talks of the Central government's results framework document system, which appears to be on the wane now. Even at the best of times, this system lacked political support and was never carried to its logical conclusion.</div>
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The Seventh CPC has itself pointed out that "minimum government" is the norm in India even now if we take into account the number of employees in terms of population. The Pay Commission points out that the number of employees per lakh of population in India is significantly lower than in advanced countries, in fact, 139 in India as against 668 in the US. It becomes all the more important for us to ensure maximum delivery from the existing apparatus. Far more attention has to be paid to performance assessment, performance appraisal and performance-based incentives.</div>
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There are no clear answers in the Pay Commission report, although it talks at places of removal of officers who have failed to make the grade on completion of 20 years and to the introduction of an incentive system which is not directly linked to saving in costs but which would undoubtedly be an additional cost to be borne by government over and above the burden arising out of the Pay Commission's recommendations.</div>
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Successive governments have been guilty of turning a blind eye to administrative reform without which economic reform will not have its desired effect. The greatest obstacle to ease of doing business is administrative incapacity and, to this, governments traditionally pay no heed. It is time we brought administrative reform to the top of the governmental agenda and create systems that ensure efficiency and accountability.</div>
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In conclusion, I would like to reiterate that a great deal of work still remains to be done by the empowered committee, the implementation committee and the government in general. The road ahead has many obstacles and would require adroit maneuvering.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Popular Reactions:</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">This is the time the government should play its role for people to have confidence and clean governance is must</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">The task before a pay commission is rather daunting, given the prevailing economic situation and the character of government services. While it is not reasonable in principle to contrast government functionaries with that of private enterprises, governmental services cannot be expected to deliver on welfare and altruistic goals without a well designed performance metric. Neither it is wise to let go the government services replacing it with private counterpart when possible, nor it is okay to allow them run without checks and balances. Exactly how to incentives what acts and how, in a governmental service, is a subject of great complexity that warrants a separate and deep study that lies in the intersection of many disciplines - statistics, management, financial engineering, sociology - to name just a few. Nonetheless, the report of 7th CPC appears to have several holes - one being a lack of comprehensiveness and other being an exercise merely to show that something new has been bottled. Introduction of a pay matrix in lieu of pay bands is more of a new packaging of the old scheme. At many places the report maintains status quo without examining in necessary detail of the current and expected performance of various departments and considering ways of restructuring pay and perks that potentially improve the situation. I do not intend to blame the commission, but the purpose, scope and charter mandated during its constitution. Time has come to redefine these.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">WHILE COMPARING PAY AND ALLOWANCES ,EMPLOYEES IN INDIA ENJOY MANY TIME MORE WHEN PERKS INCLUDED PLUS POWER TO USE DISCRETIONARY WHICH HAS ALL ALONG FAILED GOVERNMENT SERVICES AT ALL LEVELS.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">The concept of 10 years 'Pay Commissions' is not good for the nation or the employees. It should be 5 years. A lot changes in 5 years inflation, revenue deficit, CAD, foreign exchange, etc.</span></div>
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abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-14796424597158408432015-11-30T03:12:00.002-08:002015-11-30T03:12:38.549-08:00प्रशासनिक सुधार की ज़रुरत<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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भारत की अधिकारी-वर्ग में सुधार लाने में एक मुख्य समस्या इसका शक्तिशाली दबाव समूह होना है जो कि अपनी शक्ति एवं संख्या में रत्ति भर भी कमी नहीं चाहते हैं। अब एक दुर्लभ मौका खुद ही सामने आया है।</div>
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हाल ही में 7 वें वेतन आयोग द्वारा जारी <a href="http://finmin.nic.in/7cpc/7cpc_report_eng.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #006afa; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">आंकड़ों</a> के अनुसार 1 अप्रैल 2014 के शुरुआत तक 3.3 मिलियन केंद्रीय सरकार के कर्मचारियों में से करीब लगभग एक मिलियन ( करीब 29 फीसदी ) कर्मचारी 50 से 60 आयु वर्ग के हैं।</div>
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90 पन्नों की यह <a href="http://finmin.nic.in/7cpc/7cpc_report_eng.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #006afa; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">रिपोर्ट</a> कहती है कि, “यह अगले दस वर्षों में सेवानिवृत्ति की संख्या का तैयार सूचक है। आयोग गौर करती है कि उच्च स्तर के अनुभवी कर्मचारियों की गैरमौजूदगी का प्रभाव सरकारी खजाने पर भी पड़ेगा क्योंकि पुराने कर्मचारियों के जाने के बाद नए कर्मचारियों की नियुक्ति एवं प्रशिक्षण की आवश्यकता होगी। इसके साथ ही यह मंत्रालयों / विभागों को उनके वर्तमान और भविष्य की चुनौतियों के साथ लाइन में अपने कर्मियों की आवश्यकता संरेखित करने का अवसर प्रस्तुत करता है। ”</div>
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प्रशासनिक सुधार की ज़रुरत के लिए <a href="http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/09/26/an-app-wont-solve-indias-bloated-bureaucracy-problem/" style="border: 0px; color: #006afa; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">बार बार उल्लेख</a> के साथ यह विचार किया गया है कि सरकार के बाहर से पेशेवरों को लाना, कार्य प्रदर्शन से जुड़े वेतन देने की शुरूआत एवं कुछ कर्मचारियों को अधिक वेतन का भुगतान करना चाहिए।</div>
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पूर्व कैबिनेट सचिव के एम चंद्रशेखर ने द इकोनोमिक टाइम्स के एक <a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/hurdle-to-ease-of-doing-business-seventh-pay-commission-doesnt-do-enough-to-tackle-administrative-incapacity/articleshow/49874732.cms" style="border: 0px; color: #006afa; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">कॉलम</a> में लिखा है कि, “प्रशासनिक सुधार को अनदेखा करने के लिए सरकार ही ज़िम्मेदार है है। प्रशासनिक सुधार के बगैर आर्थिक सुधारों वांछित असर नहीं दिखेगा। व्यापार को आसानी से करने की राह में सबसे बड़ा रोड़ा प्रशासनिक अक्षमता ही है एवं इस ओर सरकार कोई ध्यान नहीं देती है। इस बार हमने प्रशासनिक सुधारों को सरकारी एजेंडे के टॉप में रखा हैं और ऐसा सिस्टम बनाया है जो कार्यकुशलता और जवाबदेही सुनिश्चित करती है। ”</div>
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इंडियास्पेंड के सरकारी विभागों के स्टाफ एवं सेवानिवृत्ति मिलने वाले स्टाफों की संख्या के विश्लेषण से प्रत्येक में मौजूद अवसरों का पता चलता है।</div>
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केंद्रीय सरकार के कर्मचारियों के लिए वेतन और प्रोत्साहन का फैसला वेतन आयोग द्वारा किया जाता है। हर 10 साल में एक बार आयोग गठित किया जाता है एवं यह राज्य सरकार के कर्मचारियों के लिए वेतन तय करने के लिए आधार भी <a href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pay-panel-submits-report-to-fm-suggests-23-55-per-cent-hike-in-govt-employees-salary/" style="border: 0px; color: #006afa; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">माना</a> जाता है।</div>
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रिपोर्ट कहती है कि, “केंद्र सरकार के सिविल सेवा में या सरकार के अधीन सिविल पदों पर सभी व्यक्तियों को केंद्रीय सरकारी कर्मचारी के रूप में परिभाषित किया गया है एवं इन कर्मचारियों को भारत की संचित निधि से वेतन का भुगतान किया जाता है। हालांकि, संसद या संघ न्यायपालिका की सेवा के लिए नियुक्त व्यक्ति इसके अंतर्गत नहीं आते हैं। ”</div>
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<strong style="text-align: start;">अनुभवी कर्मियों वाले मंत्रालय </strong></div>
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<span class="chart-title">Ministries With Experienced Personnel</span></h1>
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<tr role="row" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(119, 119, 119); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px;"><th class="sorting_disabled" colspan="1" role="columnheader" rowspan="1" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 20px; width: 111px;">Ministry</th><th class="sorting_disabled" colspan="1" role="columnheader" rowspan="1" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 20px; width: 85px;">Personnel (overall)</th><th class="sorting_disabled" colspan="1" role="columnheader" rowspan="1" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 20px; width: 104px;">Personnel (ages 50-60)</th><th class="sorting_disabled" colspan="1" role="columnheader" rowspan="1" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 20px; width: 200px;">Personnel aged 50-60 as % of all personnel</th></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td class="text " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important;" title="Ministry">Textiles</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (overall)">3,095</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (ages 50-60)">2,328</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel aged 50-60 as % of all personnel">75</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background: rgb(243, 243, 243);"><td class="text " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important;" title="Ministry">Coal</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (overall)">305</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (ages 50-60)">196</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel aged 50-60 as % of all personnel">64</td></tr>
<tr class="odd"><td class="text " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important;" title="Ministry">Urban Development</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (overall)">30,665</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (ages 50-60)">18,962</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel aged 50-60 as % of all personnel">62</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background: rgb(243, 243, 243);"><td class="text " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important;" title="Ministry">Petroleum & Natural Gas</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (overall)">230</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (ages 50-60)">138</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel aged 50-60 as % of all personnel">60</td></tr>
<tr class="odd"><td class="text " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important;" title="Ministry">Science & Technology</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (overall)">6,680</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (ages 50-60)">3,787</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel aged 50-60 as % of all personnel">57</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background: rgb(243, 243, 243);"><td class="text " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important;" title="Ministry">Heavy Industry</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (overall)">246</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (ages 50-60)">138</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel aged 50-60 as % of all personnel">56</td></tr>
<tr class="odd"><td class="text " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important;" title="Ministry">New & Renewable Energy</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (overall)">187</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (ages 50-60)">97</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel aged 50-60 as % of all personnel">52</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background: rgb(233, 233, 233);"><td class="text " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important;" title="Ministry">AYUSH</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (overall)">164</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (ages 50-60)">84</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel aged 50-60 as % of all personnel">51</td></tr>
<tr class="odd" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px;"><td class="text " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important;" title="Ministry">Power</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (overall)">1,044</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel (ages 50-60)">523</td><td class="number " style="border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; padding: 6px 11px !important; text-align: right;" title="Personnel aged 50-60 as % of all personnel">50</td></tr>
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0 से 60 आयु वर्ग में कर्मचारियों की सबसे अधिक अनुपात कपड़ा मंत्रालय ( 75 फीसदी) की है। इस संबंध में दूसरे स्थान का कोयला ( 64 फीसदी ), तीसरे पर शहरी विकास मंत्रालय ( 62 फीसदी ) हैं।</div>
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केंद्रीय सरकारी कर्मचारियों में से 22.23 फीसदी कर्मचारी 20 से 30 आयु वर्ग के हैं, 22.28 फीसदी 30 से 40 आयु वर्ग के हैं एवं 26.1 फीसदी 40 से 50 आयु वर्ग के हैं।</div>
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<h1 style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: 300; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span class="chart-title">ge Profile of Central Government Employees</span></h1>
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<div class="dw-chart-body bar-chart" id="chart" style="height: 161px; position: relative;">
<svg height="163" style="position: relative;" version="1.1" width="600" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><defs style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"></defs><rect fill="#1f77b4" height="18" r="0" rx="0" ry="0" stroke-width="1" stroke="#00558e" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" width="405" x="84" y="10"></rect><rect fill="#1f77b4" height="18" r="0" rx="0" ry="0" stroke-width="1" stroke="#00558e" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" width="368" x="84" y="34"></rect><rect fill="#1f77b4" height="18" r="0" rx="0" ry="0" stroke-width="1" stroke="#00558e" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" width="314" x="84" y="59"></rect><rect fill="#1f77b4" height="18" r="0" rx="0" ry="0" stroke-width="1" stroke="#00558e" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" width="313" x="84" y="83"></rect><rect fill="#1f77b4" height="18" r="0" rx="0" ry="0" stroke-width="1" stroke="#00558e" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" width="9" x="84" y="107"></rect></svg><div class="label series" style="left: -10000px; position: absolute;">
<span style="color: #333333; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 2px;">Others</span></div>
<div class="label value" style="height: 14px; left: 499px; position: absolute; top: 12px; width: 44px;">
<span style="color: #333333; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 2px;">947,586</span></div>
<div class="label series" data-column="X.1" data-row="3" style="height: 14px; left: -10px; position: absolute; text-align: right; top: 12px; width: 84px;">
<span style="color: #333333; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 2px;">50-60 years</span></div>
<div class="label value" style="height: 14px; left: 462px; position: absolute; top: 36px; width: 44px;">
<span style="color: #333333; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 2px;">860,708</span></div>
<div class="label series" data-column="X.1" data-row="2" style="height: 14px; left: -10px; position: absolute; text-align: right; top: 36px; width: 84px;">
<span style="color: #333333; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 2px;">40-50 years</span></div>
<div class="label value" style="height: 14px; left: 408px; position: absolute; top: 61px; width: 44px;">
<span style="color: #333333; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 2px;">734,689</span></div>
<div class="label series" data-column="X.1" data-row="1" style="height: 14px; left: -10px; position: absolute; text-align: right; top: 61px; width: 84px;">
<span style="color: #333333; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 2px;">30-40 years</span></div>
<div class="label value" style="height: 14px; left: 407px; position: absolute; top: 85px; width: 44px;">
<span style="color: #333333; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 2px;">732,902</span></div>
<div class="label series" data-column="X.1" data-row="0" style="height: 14px; left: -10px; position: absolute; text-align: right; top: 85px; width: 84px;">
<span style="color: #333333; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 2px;">20-30 years</span></div>
<div class="label value" style="height: 14px; left: 103px; position: absolute; top: 109px; width: 37px;">
<span style="color: #333333; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 2px;">21,537</span></div>
<div class="label series" data-column="X.1" data-row="4" style="height: 14px; left: 18px; position: absolute; text-align: right; top: 109px; width: 56px;">
<span style="color: #333333; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 2px;">Others</span></div>
</div>
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हालांकि केंद्रीय सरकार के कर्मचारियों की स्वीकृत संख्या 4 मिलियन से अधिक है लेकिन करीब 3.3 मिलियन पद ही भरे हैं यानि 744,000 ( 18 फीसदी ) पद रिक्त हैं।</div>
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भारतीय रेल ( 1.3 मिलियन के आंकड़ों के साथ दुनिया के सबसे बड़े नियोक्ताओं में से एक ) में सबसे अधिक रिक्त पद, 235,000, हैं। वहीं रक्षा मंत्रालय में 187,000, वित्त मंत्रालय में 80,000 से अधिक एवं गृह मंत्रालय में 69,000 से अधिक रिक्त पद हैं।</div>
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<strong>केन्द्र सरकार में उपलब्ध नागरिक नौकरियों </strong><br /><br /><iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="200" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/9C7jI/2/" style="border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="600"></iframe><br /><br /><strong>स्वीकृत संख्या के प्रतिशत के रूप रिक्तियां</strong><br /><br /><iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="300" src="https://charts.datawrapper.de/Yxoiq/index.html" style="border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="600"></iframe></div>
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2006 से 2014 के बीच सरकार ने 857,764 लोगों को नियुक्त किया है – हर साल केवल 100,000 लोगों की सालाना नियुक्ति की गई है।</div>
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2012 से 2017 के दौरान, भारत की श्रम बल में 44.6 मिलियन वृद्धि होने का अनुमान है यानि कि वार्षिक रुप से औसतन 8.9 मिलियन की वृद्धि हो सकती है। वेतन आयोग की <a href="http://finmin.nic.in/7cpc/7cpc_report_eng.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #006afa; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">रिपोर्ट</a> कहती है कि, “इससे पता चलता है कि रोज़गार सृजन के लिए केन्द्र सरकार सीमांत स्रोत है।”</div>
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7वें वेतन आयोग की सिफारिशों से, वित्तीय वर्ष 2016-17 में सरकारी खज़ाने में करीब 1 लाख करोड़ रुपए ( 15 बिलियन डॉलर ) लागत की संभावना है। यह मौजूदा वेतन और भत्ते की तुलना में 23 फीसदी की वृद्धि होगी।</div>
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7 वें वेतन आयोग ने प्रति माह 18,000 रुपये की न्यूनतम वेतन (चपरासी , <a href="http://www.ofbindia.gov.in/index.php?wh=payband&lang=en" style="border: 0px; color: #006afa; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">क्लर्क</a> और कुछ <a href="http://www.indianrailwayemployee.com/content/pay-band-grade-pay-certain-categories-railway-staff" style="border: 0px; color: #006afa; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">पुलिस हेड कांस्टेबल</a> के लिए ) की <a href="http://finmin.nic.in/press_room/2015/7thCPC_Highlight.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #006afa; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">सिफारिश</a> की है। आयोग ने प्रति वर्ष 3 फीसदी वेतन वृद्धि की सिफारिश भी किया है। साथ ही उपदान (सेवा वर्ष के आधार पर एकमुश्त भुगतान की जाने वाली राशि ) को दोगुना कर 20 लाख रुपए तक कर देने की भी बात की गई है। मौजूदा उपदान 10 लाख रुपए है।</div>
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abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-55334067264291120022015-11-30T02:56:00.001-08:002015-11-30T02:56:12.305-08:00सत्ता बनाम नौकरशाही<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Mangal, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 14px;">यह परिपाटी-सी बन गई है कि सत्ता पक्ष प्राय: प्रशासनिक अधिकारियों को अपने इशारों पर चलाना चाहता है। अगर कोई अधिकारी उनके खिलाफ जाने की कोशिश करता है या फिर उनकी बात मानने से इनकार करता है, तो उसे परेशान किया जाता है। इसमें तबादला करके उन्हें किसी महत्त्वहीन जगह पर पदस्थापित कर देना आम सजा बन गई है। हरियाणा में फतेहाबाद की पुलिस सुपरिंटेंडेंट संगीता रानी कालिया के साथ भी यही हुआ। वे पंजाब से लगी हरियाणा की सीमा पर अवैध तरीके से शराब की बिक्री को लेकर राज्य के स्वास्थ्य मंत्री अनिल विज से उलझ पड़ीं। विज ने साबित करने की कोशिश की कि पुलिस इस धंधे को बढ़ावा दे रही है। उनका इशारा खासकर संगीता कालिया की तरफ था। संगीता को बात नागवार गुजरी और उन्होंने भरी सभा में तल्खी से कह डाला कि अवैध शराब की बिक्री को पुलिस नहीं, बल्कि सरकार बढ़ावा दे रही है। इस पर मंत्री ने उन्हें बैठक से बाहर जाने को कहा, पर संगीता ने ऐसा करने से मना कर दिया। बस, अनिल विज ने प्रण कर लिया कि जब तक संगीता को फतेहाबाद से हटाया नहीं जाता, वे वहां कदम नहीं रखेंगे। फिर वही हुआ। सरकार ने संगीता का तबादला कर दिया। इस तरह एक मंत्री का मान तो रह गया, पर एक पुलिस अधिकारी के सम्मान को जो ठेस पहुंची, उसका क्या! इस मामले में केवल पुलिस अधिकारी को दंड का भागी बनाया जाना किसी के गले नहीं उतर रहा। प्रशासनिक कामकाज में सरकारों का हस्तक्षेप छिपी बात नहीं है। वे अपनी मर्जी से, जब चाहे अफसरों के तबादले करती रहती हैं। अगर कभी उन्हें लगता है कि कोई अफसर उनके मुताबिक काम नहीं कर रहा, तो उसे दंडस्वरूप किसी ऐसी जगह तैनात कर देती हैं, जहां उसे कोई महत्त्वपूर्ण फैसला करने का अधिकार नहीं होता। इसके चलते नौकरशाही में चापलूसी और सत्ता के करीब बने रहने, उसके इशारे पर काम करने की प्रवृत्ति घर करती गई है। इस प्रवृत्ति के मद्देनजर ही सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने आदेश दिया था कि किसी भी पुलिस अधिकारी का तबादला दो साल से पहले नहीं किया जा सकता, मगर सरकारें इस आदेश की खुलेआम अवहेलना करती देखी जाती हैं। उत्तर प्रदेश और हरियाणा इस मामले में सबसे आगे हैं। सवाल है कि फतेहाबाद की बैठक में अगर पुलिस अधिकारी संगीता का व्यवहार नियम के विरुद्ध था, तो क्या स्वास्थ्य मंत्री अनिल विज का व्यवहार लोकतांत्रिक ठहराया जा सकता है! क्या उन्हें किसी भी अधिकारी को अपमानित करने का अधिकार इसलिए मिल गया है कि वे मंत्री हैं और प्रशासनिक अधिकारी उनके मातहत काम करते हैं। सरकारों को कानून-यवस्था सुचारू बनाने का काम प्रशासनिक अधिकारियों के जरिए ही करना होता है, इसलिए उनसे अपेक्षा की जाती है कि अपनी सीमा में रह कर वे प्रशासन को अपनी जिम्मेदारी निभाने का अवसर दें। विज में अगर साहस होता तो वे अवैध शराब की बिक्री की असलियत छिपाने के बजाय उसे स्वीकार करते और पुलिस अधिकारी को निष्पक्ष तरीके से इस समस्या पर काबू पाने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करते। मगर उन्होंने सामंती व्यवहार किया और उनकी जिद का खमियाजा उस पुलिस अधिकारी को </span></div>
abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-69256125105675880972015-11-30T02:55:00.000-08:002015-11-30T02:55:25.154-08:00पृथ्वी के तापमान को काबू में रखना सबकी जिम्मेदारी<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Mangal, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 14px;">जलवायु परिवर्तन पर वैश्विक सम्मेलन में शामिल होने के लिए पेरिस रवाना होने से पहले प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने रविवार को इसके प्रभावों और पूरे विश्व की चिंताओं का जिक्र करते हुए कहा कि पृथ्वी के तापमान को नियंत्रण में रखना सबकी जिम्मेदारी है। उन्होंने कहा कि प्राकृतिक आपदा और अन्य रूपों में इसके विनाशकारी प्रभावों से निपटने के लिए सरकारों और हर छोटी-बड़ी संस्थाओं को वैज्ञानिक तरीके से काम करना होगा। प्रधानमंत्री ने ‘मन की बात’ कार्यक्रम में कहा-पूरा विश्व जलवायु परिवर्तन से चिंतित है। जलवायु परिवर्तन, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग की डगर-डगर पर उसकी चर्चा भी है, चिंता भी है और हर काम को करने से पहले अब एक मानक के रूप में इसको स्वीकृति मिलती जा रही है। पृथ्वी का तापमान अब बढ़ना नहीं चाहिए। ये हर किसी की जिम्मेदारी भी है, चिंता भी है। और तापमान से बचने का एक सबसे पहला रास्ता है- ऊर्जा संरक्षण। उन्होंने कहा कि दुनिया के हर कोने से लगातार प्राकृतिक आपदा की खबरें आया करती हैं। न कभी सुना हो और न कभी सोचा हो, ऐसी प्राकृतिक आपदाओं की खबरें आती रहती हैं। प्रधानमंत्री ने कहा- जलवायु परिवर्तन का प्रभाव कितना तेजी से बढ़ रहा है यह अब हम लोग अनुभव कर रहे हैं। हमारे ही देश में, पिछले दिनों जिस प्रकार से अति वर्षा और वो भी बेमौसमी वर्षा हुई और लंबे अरसे तक वर्षा हुई, खासकर तमिलनाडु में जो नुकसान हुआ है, और अन्य राज्यों को भी इसका असर हुआ है। कई लोगों की जानें गईं। मोदी ने कहा कि जब से संकटों की बातें आई हैं तब हमें इससे निपटने में काफी बदलाव लाने की आवश्यकता हो गई है। जैविक खेती के महत्व को रेखांकित करते हुए प्रधानमंत्री ने कहा कि फसल के अवशेष भी बहुत कीमती और अपने आप में जैविक खाद होते हैं और ऐसे में खेतों में उन्हें आग लगाना ठीक नहीं है क्योंकि इससे जमीन की ऊपरी परत जल जाती है और पर्यावरण को भी नुकसान पहुंचता है। प्रधानमंत्री के इस बयान को ऐसे समय में महत्त्वपूर्ण माना जा रहा है जब कई रिपोर्टों में पंजाब में खेतों में फसलों के अवशेष को आग लगाने को दिल्ली और हरियाणा में प्रदूषण स्तर बढ़ने से जोड़ा गया है। मोदी ने कहा कि पूरे हिंदुस्तान में यह हम लोगों की आदत है और परंपरागत रूप से हम इसी प्रकार से अपनी फसल के अवशेषों को जलाने के रास्ते पर चल रहे हैं। एक तो पहले हमें इससे होने वाले नुकसान का अंदाजा नहीं था। सब करते हैं इसलिए हम करते हैं वो ही आदत थी। दूसरा, इसका उपाय क्या होता है उसका भी प्रशिक्षण नहीं था और उसके कारण ये चलता ही गया। प्रधानमंत्री ने कहा- आज जो जलवायु परिवर्तन का संकट है, उसमें वह जुड़ता गया। और जब इस संकट का प्रभाव शहरों की ओर आने लगा तब आवाज सुनाई देने लगी। हमें हमारे किसान भाई-बहनों को प्रशिक्षित करना पड़ेगा, उनको सत्य समझना पड़ेगा कि फसल के अवशेष जलाने से हो सकता है कि समय बचता होगा, मेहनत बचती होगी। अगली फसल के लिए खेत तैयार हो जाता होगा। लेकिन ये सच्चाई नहीं है। फसल के अवशेष भी बहुत कीमती होते हैं। वह अपने आप में जैविक खाद होता है। हम उसको बर्बाद करते हैं। </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Mangal, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 14px;"><b>जलवायु संकट से निपटने के लिए भारत ने मिलाया ब्रिटेन और आॅस्ट्रेलिया से हाथ </b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Mangal, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 14px;">विभिन्न देशों के एक समूह विशेष से जुड़ते हुए भारत ने कहा है कि वह राष्ट्रमंडल के तहत आने वाले कमजोर देशों को 25 लाख डॉलर उपलब्ध करवाएगा ताकि स्वच्छ ऊर्जा का इस्तेमाल शुरू करने में और ग्रीन हाउस गैसों का उत्सर्जन कम करने में उनकी मदद की जा सके। यह घोषणा राष्ट्रमंडल की द्विवार्षिक बैठक के दूसरे दिन की गई। इस समूह में ब्रिटेन, आॅस्ट्रेलिया, कनाडा, सिंगापुर जैसे ताकतवर देश और मालदीव, टोंगा और नौरू जैसे छोटे द्वीपीय देश शामिल हैं। विदेश मंत्रालय के प्रवक्ता विकास स्वरूप ने कहा, ‘भारत ने छोटे राष्ट्रमंडलीय देशों के व्यापार वित्त प्रतिष्ठान के लिए 25 लाख डॉलर की घोषणा की है। जैसा कि आप जानते हैं, राष्ट्रमंडल के 53 सदस्यों में 31 छोटे देश हैं और व्यापार वित्त उनके लिए महत्वपूर्ण हैं।’ यहां आयोजित हुई राष्ट्रमंडल सरकार प्रमुखों की 24वीं बैठक में जलवायु परिवर्तन से निपटने पर व्यापक चर्चा हुई और कई देशों ने पेरिस में शुरू होने जा रहे संयुक्त राष्ट्र जलवायु परिवर्तन सम्मेलन से पहले कमजोर देशों को अपनी ओर से आर्थिक मदद देने का संकल्प लिया है। भारत लगातार इस बात पर जोर देता रहा है कि अमीर देशों को विकासशील देशों के साथ ‘जलवायु न्याय’ करना चाहिए। इसके साथ ही भारत जोर देता रहा है कि अमीर देशों की छोटे द्वीपों और गरीब देशों के प्रति प्रतिबद्धता मौजूदा स्तर से आगे जानी चाहिए। इस शिखर सम्मेलन में भारत का प्रतिनिधित्व विदेश मंत्री सुषमा स्वराज ने किया। सम्मेलन में लगभग 30 देशों के राष्ट्र प्रमुखों और सरकार प्रमुखों ने शिरकत की। कनाडा, ब्रिटेन और आॅस्ट्रेलिया समेत कई देशों ने ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंग से लड़ने में गरीब देशों की मदद करने के लिए लगभग 2.5 अरब डॉलर देने का संकल्प लिया है। माल्टा के प्रधानमंत्री जोसेफ मस्कट ने इस गुट के गरीब देशों में पर्यावरणीय परियोजनाओं को मदद करने वाले एक अरब डॉलर के राष्ट्रमंडल हरित वित्त प्रतिष्ठान का अनावरण किया। इससे इतर, ब्रिटेन ने आपदा प्रबंधन के लिए 2.1 करोड़ पाउंड और समुद्र आधारित अर्थव्यवस्था के लिए 55 लाख पाउंड देने का वादा किया है। आॅस्ट्रेलिया ने एक नए राष्ट्रमंडलीय विचार- जलवायु वित्त पहुंच केंद्र के लिए 10 लाख डॉलर की प्रतिबद्धता जताई है। कनाडा ने ग्रीन हाउस गैसों के उत्सर्जन को कम करने में गरीब देशों की मदद के लिए दो अरब डॉलर की सहायता देने का संकल्प लिया है। इससे पहले, राष्ट्रमंडल और भारत, माल्टा, मॉरिशस एवं श्रीलंका की सरकारों ने छोटे देशों में व्यापार और निवेश को बढ़ावा देने के लिए नए व्यापार वित्त कोष की घोषणा की थी। ऐच्छिक कोष का उद्देश्य 2 करोड़ डॉलर की नव-उद्यम पूंजी आकर्षित करना है। यह कोष व्यापारिक चुनौतियों का सामना कर रहे सदस्य देशों को उनकी व्यापारिक क्षमता बढ़ाने के लिए जरूरी वित्त उपलब्ध करवाएगा। प्रधानमंत्री मस्कट ने कहा, ‘हम सहायकों के रूप में काम कर रहे हैं ताकि छोटे क्षेत्रों के छोटे व्यापारी नए बाजारों तक अपनी पहुंच बना सकें। हम अपने लिए और अन्य छोटे राष्ट्रमंडल देशों के लिए जरूरी व्यापार अवसंरचना को खड़ा करने के लिए बहुत उत्सुक हैं।’ इस कोष के जरिए सदस्य देशों में बड़े बैंकों के जरिए छोटे बैंकों को रिण देने की प्रक्रिया में तेजी लाने और जोखिम कम करने की कोशिश की जाएगी। वित्तीय निवेश उन सदस्य देशों और अन्य से लेने की कोशिश की जाएगी, जिन्होंने इस भागीदारी में रूचि दिखाई है। इस कोष का पहला चरण तीन साल तक चलेगा और इसके बाद समीक्षा होगी। </span></div>
abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-63380903608571955882015-11-30T02:46:00.002-08:002015-11-30T02:46:39.810-08:00Officer Trainees of Indian Information Service call on the President<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">A group of Officer Trainees of Indian Information Service (IIS) of 2011, 2012 and 2013 batches called on the President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee today at Rashtrapati Bhavan. </span><br style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">Speaking on the occasion, the President stated that knowledge is power and information is the basis of knowledge. He stated that IIS officers serve as a crucial link between the people and the government through disseminating information on Government policies and programmes to the people. He said that in this age when there is uninterrupted flow of information, IIS officers should analyse and critically appraise information before it reaches the policy makers so that it can serve as an important ingredient of policy formation. He said that the pace of change in the field of information technology and social media is mind-boggling. Therefore, the officers would need to continuously upgrade their skills in order to match with the revolutionary changes in technology so as to best use them in the service of the Nation. </span></div>
abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-64688138231274024672011-02-16T05:23:00.001-08:002011-02-16T05:23:31.185-08:00The Indian culture<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="background: aqua; color: maroon; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-shading: #7FB3CC;">Indian Culture is time tested and represented the progressively refined way of life, that had unfortunately suffered a set back, a sub culture process as it were, drifting from its salutary ways of living.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: aqua; color: maroon; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-shading: #7FB3CC;"> </span></span><span style="background: aqua; color: maroon; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-shading: #7FB3CC;"><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">Did not Lord Mecaulay say in the UK parliament how the Indians had such a perfect social harmony and faith in their way of life, that they can not be subdued unless they were weaned from their prestige and made to adore the alien way of life, to feel subordinated to a ''superior culture'', wherefore they could be easily subdued and dominated for the best advantage of the colonial rule! That was perfectly achieved and Indians forgot their own merits in a strange infatuation with alien culture!</span><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">Foreign culture was best for them, unique to them, deserved respect, but not fit for absorption into our own way of life! Apart from an initiation into new unfolding findings of secular science and technology - which was absent in our nation under colonial subjugation - we had gained least in other spheres, particularly in the social and ethical qualities. We became divided, in the names of religion and castes losing the force of harmony that united us under the princely states!</span><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">The increasing divorce culture, night clubs and pub culture, promiscuity and desertions etc among youth, the divide and rule policy among the politicians, the aggressive conversions (against more benign missionary activities a century ago) are the only major impacts in the social domain.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">So except the technological inputs, even economic exploitations under free trade or repressive regimentation under socialist govts that came from the west, have least served the society to achieve equality. Social impacts have been worse.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">The break down of joint family system due to new life styles, uncontrolled deviancies in the name of liberty etc have made youth defy control of society and family in a big way. In a chapter on ''Consequences of Innovations'' in the book by Rogers and Shoemaker entitled, ''Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations'', it is discussed how any change made in any aspect of social sphere - agriculture or medicine or arts or whatever - may end up in unexpected ''side effects'' as well. The chaos in the aborigins of <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Australia</place></country-region> after replacement of traditional stone tool etc make interesting reading!</span><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">In <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">India</place></country-region> itself, the introduction of rural TV programme for education of people in modern agricultre, health care etc was studied in UP state when Indiraji was Minister of Broadcasting, in 100 villages. The study revealed significant increase in knowledge and attitude of people in modern techniques and the project was cleared for large scale introdcution across the country. After govt project was ended, many behavioural scientists took up studies in change of life pattern in the villages. They came across many critical adverse changes traceable to exposure of untreated ''entertainment'' programmes given by TV apart from the educatinal inputs!</span><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">Like that our adoration for the modern knowledge gained from the west, had made us adopt their other life styles as well to the detriment of society. So the demerits have been devastating as we see from the increase of family courts to deal with increasing divorce cases, the skewed development of trade and industy at the cost of other primary enterprises, policy of social divide by politicians for vote bank advantage etc!</span><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">In my opinion, we had paid a heavy price for all the technological good we received from the west, by our own unwise emulation of their social perceptions and political strategies as well!</span></span><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div></div>abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-88885714273099972102011-02-16T05:18:00.005-08:002015-11-30T02:47:22.855-08:00The Marriage Saga<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">The nine-year marriage of BBC radio sports broadcasters Eleanor Oldroyd and Nick Mullins has hit the rocks - and he has taken up with a glamorous blonde TV reporter.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">The couple will find it hard to make a clean break, however. With Miss Oldroyd anchoring Five Live's Sunday sports programme from lunchtime through to early evening, and Mullins part of the BBC's commentary team for next month's rugby World Cup in <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">France</place></country-region>, their paths seem destined to cross, at least on air.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">Mullins, who is in his early 40s, has substituted 43-year-old Miss Oldroyd, with whom he has two young daughters, for Melissa Platt, who works for rival broadcaster Sky Sports.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">She is an ambitious 30-year-old touchline rugby reporter and has also represented <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">England</place></country-region> at lacrosse.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">If the diminutive and mild-mannered Miss Oldroyd, a vicar's daughter, does find herself on air with Mullins she can probably be relied upon to deal with the situation with the same aplomb that has made her one of the most authoritative sporting voices in a predominantly male industry.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">A keen follower of a host of sports, her career has taken her to many of the world's top sporting events, including the 2000 Sydney Olympics - with Mullins.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">Their marriage in 1998 was the second for both of them. It is understood the split may date back several months but has just become public.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">However, Miss Platt has been telling friends that she and Mullins are now a couple. She began working for Sky in 2002 and within a year was covering rugby union as a touchline reporter, appearing on the Rugby Club.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">Working on both Guinness Premiership and Heineken Cup matches, her path will have crossed with Mullins. Miss Platt attended the leading independent girls' school St Helen and St Katharine in Abingdon, Oxfordshire.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">She became head girl and landed a place on the England Under-19s lacrosse team.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">Broken up: BBC sport's Eleanor Oldroyd and Nick Mullins</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">She has represented her country at World Cup events. Miss Oldroyd was educated at public school and <city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Cambridge</place></city> before starting her career at BBC Radio Shropshire. She moved to <city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">London</place></city> in 1988 where she was a sports journalist at Radio Four before going to Five Live.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">She has appeared on a string of programmes including Fighting Talk and as a ground reporter for Test Match Special.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">She counts herself a lifelong cricket fanatic and when visiting Lord's proudly wears her Marylebone Cricket Club cufflinks. She is one of the privileged few to enjoy associate membership of MCC.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">Her husband's career began on newspapers in Leicestershire before he moved on to BBC local radio then the national network.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">He has been part of the radio team at the last three Rugby World Cups. Neither the BBC nor Sky would comment on their employees' private lives yesterday.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">Answering the door at her large Victorian terraced family home, Miss Oldroyd refused to comment. Her husband could not be reached and Miss Platt did not respond to messages.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">The love triangle brings back memories of another at Five Live when Fi Glover's two-year marriage to BBC editor Mark Sandell ended when he left her for rival presenter Victoria Derbyshire. The affair had developed as the pair chatted about football during breaks between programmes.</span></div>
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abhishekrovers.blogspot.inhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514432293020044786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7087506287243294645.post-34766229730490395622011-02-16T05:12:00.000-08:002015-11-30T02:47:57.038-08:00मानवाधिकार<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">भारत</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">में</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकारों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">अकसर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बहस</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">चलती</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">है</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">. </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">ह्यूमैन</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">राइट्स</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">वॉच</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">और</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">ऐमनेस्टी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">इंटरनेशनल</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">समय</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">-</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">समय</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">रिपोर्टें</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">जारी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकारों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">के</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हनन</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">के</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मामले</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">प्रकाश</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">में</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">लाते</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हैं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कहीं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकारों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">का</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पूरी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">तरह</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पालन</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हो</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">रहा</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हो</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">, </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">ऐसी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">रिपोर्ट</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">तो</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मेरी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">नज़र</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">में</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कभी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">नहीं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">आई</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">. </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">ख़ैर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">,</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">वह</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">अलग</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बात</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">है</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">..</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">दस</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">दिसंबर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">, 1950. </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">अब</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">से</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">साठ</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">साल</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पहले</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">का</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">वह</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">दिन</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">जब</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">संयुक्त</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">राष्ट्र</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">का</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">अंतरराष्ट्रीय</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">घोषणापत्र</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">अमल</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">में</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">आया</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">इसके</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">अनुसार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानव</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बिना</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">रंगभेद</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">, </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">जातिभेद</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">, </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">राष्ट्रीयता</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">भेद</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">के</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बराबर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">है</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">और</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">उसके</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बराबरी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">के</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">अधिकार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हैं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">इसीको</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">आधार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बना</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कार्यकर्ता</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">जेलों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">में</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बंद</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">उन</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">क़ैदियों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">के</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकारों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">की</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बात</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">करते</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हैं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">जो</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">अपने</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">किए</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">, </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">और</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कई</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कुछ</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">न</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">किए</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">, </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">की</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">सज़ा</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">भुगत</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">रहे</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हैं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मैं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कुछ</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">समय</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पहले</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">एक</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">रेडियो</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">सिरीज़</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">के</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">संबंध</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">में</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मध्यप्रदेश</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">की</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">एक</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">जेल</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">के</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बंदियों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">से</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मिल</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">. </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">वहाँ</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बंद</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">विचाराधीन</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">क़ैदियों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">की</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">तादाद</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">इतनी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">है</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कि</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बंदी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">चार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">-</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">चार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">घंटे</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">की</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">शिफ़्ट</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">में</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">सोते</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हैं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">किसी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">को</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">गहरी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">नींद</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">से</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">जगा</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">खड़े</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">होने</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बाध्य</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">करना</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कितना</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पीड़ादायक</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">है</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">यह</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कोई</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">भुक्तभोगी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">ही</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">समझ</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">सकता</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">है</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">यह</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">निश्चित</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">तौर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकारों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">का</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हनन</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">है</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मुक़दमे</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">की</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">सुनवाई</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">या</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">फ़ैसला</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">होने</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">से</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पहले</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">किसी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">को</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">दोषी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मान</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">उसके</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">साथ</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">दुर्व्यवहार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">या</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">तथाकथित</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">थर्ड</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">डिग्री</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">ट्रीटमेंट</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">निश्चित</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">तौर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकारों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">का</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हनन</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">है</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">लेकिन</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कार्यकर्ता</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">जब</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">सैकड़ों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">निर्दोषों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">को</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">गोलियों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">से</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">भून</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">देने</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">वाले</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">या</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बम</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">से</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">उड़ा</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">देने</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">वाले</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">चरमपंथियों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">, </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">या</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बलात्कारियों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">या</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">फिर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">निर्मम</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हत्या</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">के</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">दोषियों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">के</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकारों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">की</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">दुहाई</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">देते</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हैं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">तो</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कुछ</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">लोग</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">उसे</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">तर्कसंगत</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">नहीं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानते</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">क़ानून</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">की</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">नज़र</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">में</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">सब</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बराबर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हैं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">. </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">यूनिवर्सल</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">डिक्लेरेशन</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">ऑफ़</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">ह्यूमैनराइट्स</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">भी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">सब</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बराबरी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">से</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">लागू</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">होता</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">है</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">लेकिन</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">के</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">नाम</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">सुविधाओं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">की</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मांग</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">, </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">जघन्य</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">अपराध</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">के</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">दोषियों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">की</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हिमायत</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कितनी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">न्यायोचित</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">है</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">यह</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">एक</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">सोचने</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">वाली</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बात</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">है</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
<span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">शायद</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">संयुक्त</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">राष्ट्र</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">को</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">अब</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">साठ</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">साल</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बाद</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">घोषणापत्र</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">फिर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">एक</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">नज़र</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">डालने</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">की</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">ज़रूरत</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">है</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">क्योंकि</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवाधिकार</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">मानवों</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">के</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">होते</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हैं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">...</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">पर</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">कुछ</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">लोग</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">अमानव</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">भी</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">बन</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">जाते</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: 14pt;">हैं</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">..</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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